How does chronic stress affect the production of cytokines? 

The correct answer is 'It disrupts the balance of cytokines.'

Key Points

• Impact of chronic stress on cytokine production:
  • Cytokines are small proteins crucial in cell signaling, with an essential role in immune responses.
  • Chronic stress can lead to an imbalance in cytokine production, affecting both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
  • This imbalance can result in a weakened immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases.

Additional Information

• Other Incorrect Options:
  • Decreases cytokine production:
    • This option is incorrect because chronic stress does not simply decrease cytokine production but rather causes an imbalance.
  • Enhances cytokine production:
    • This is incorrect as well; chronic stress does not merely enhance cytokine production but disrupts the balance between different cytokines.
  • Does not affect cytokine production:
    • This option is incorrect because chronic stress has been shown to significantly affect cytokine production and balance.