Jhum is

The correct answer is a type of cultivation.

Key Points

• Jhum cultivation, also referred to as shifting cultivation, is a traditional agricultural practice mainly followed in the northeastern states of India.
• It involves clearing a patch of forest land for cultivation, which is then abandoned after a few years to allow the land to regenerate naturally.
• This method is particularly practiced by tribal communities and is deeply rooted in their cultural traditions.
• Crops like rice, maize, millets, and vegetables are often grown during Jhum cultivation.
• It is considered a sustainable practice when done on a small scale with adequate fallow periods to allow soil recovery.

Additional Information

• Shifting Cultivation: A form of agriculture where land is cultivated temporarily and then left to regenerate after a few years of usage.
• Environmental Impact: Jhum cultivation can lead to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and soil erosion if not managed properly.
• Slash and Burn Technique: The land is cleared by cutting and burning trees and vegetation before sowing seeds, a characteristic feature of Jhum cultivation.
• Fallows: The period during which the land is left uncultivated to restore its fertility naturally is crucial for maintaining ecological balance.
• Alternatives: Efforts are being made to promote sustainable agricultural practices like terrace farming and agroforestry to replace Jhum cultivation in regions where environmental damage is significant.