Name of the NASA's spacecraft which is orbiting around Jupiter is

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West Bengal Group C 2016 Official Paper (Held On: 05 Mar, 2017) PYP
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  1. Galileo
  2. Europa
  3. Juno
  4. Dawn

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Juno
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The correct answer is Juno.

Key Points

  • Juno is a NASA spacecraft designed specifically to study Jupiter and its environment.
  • The spacecraft was launched on August 5, 2011, aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
  • Juno entered Jupiter's orbit on July 4, 2016, and has been conducting detailed investigations of the planet since then.
  • The mission aims to understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter, including its composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere.
  • Juno uses a polar orbit to minimize radiation exposure and maximize its ability to observe Jupiter’s poles.

Additional Information

  • Juno’s Instruments: Juno is equipped with eight scientific instruments including JunoCam, JIRAM (Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper), and MWR (Microwave Radiometer) to study Jupiter's atmosphere, auroras, and interior structure.
  • Juno's Solar Power: Juno is the first spacecraft to operate on solar power at such a great distance from the Sun, with its three large solar panels providing the necessary energy.
  • Radiation Challenges: Jupiter’s intense radiation belts pose significant challenges, and Juno’s electronics are housed in a titanium vault to protect them from radiation damage.
  • Scientific Discoveries: Juno has provided groundbreaking insights, including the discovery of Jupiter's asymmetrical magnetic field and an understanding of its deep atmospheric winds and massive polar cyclones.
  • Mission Extension: The mission, initially planned to end in 2021, has been extended until 2025 to allow Juno to explore Jupiter’s moons, including Ganymede, Europa, and Io.
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