The nurse is assessing a trauma patient and recalls the term "Triad of Death" in trauma. Which of the following describes the "Triad of Death"?

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AIIMS NORCET 8 Prelims Memory Based Paper 2025

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Answer 1

Correct Answer: Coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis

Rationale:

The "Triad of Death" in trauma refers to a vicious cycle of three interrelated conditions: coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis. These conditions are commonly seen in severely injured patients and can lead to rapid deterioration and death if not addressed promptly.
Coagulopathy is a condition in which the blood's ability to clot is impaired, leading to uncontrolled bleeding. Trauma and significant blood loss disrupt the clotting cascade, exacerbating this condition.
Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it. In trauma patients, blood loss and exposure to cold environments can decrease body temperature, which further impairs the clotting process.
Acidosis refers to the build-up of acid in the blood due to poor oxygen delivery to tissues. This is often caused by blood loss and shock, leading to anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid accumulation.

Additional Information:

The interplay between these three conditions creates a self-perpetuating cycle. For example, hypothermia worsens coagulopathy, which leads to further bleeding, causing more hypothermia and acidosis.
Management of the "Triad of Death" requires aggressive resuscitation, including warming the patient, restoring blood volume, correcting acidosis, and addressing coagulopathy with blood products and clotting factor replacement.

Explanation of Other Options:

Hypertension, tachycardia, and fever

Rationale: These are not components of the "Triad of Death." Hypertension (high blood pressure), tachycardia (fast heart rate), and fever are more commonly associated with systemic inflammatory responses or infections rather than trauma-related deterioration.

Tachypnea, hyperthermia, and cyanosis

Rationale: While tachypnea (rapid breathing) and cyanosis (bluish discoloration due to lack of oxygen) can occur in trauma patients, hyperthermia (elevated body temperature) is not a feature of the "Triad of Death." Instead, hypothermia is a key component.

Hyperglycemia, bradycardia, and dehydration

Rationale: Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), bradycardia (slow heart rate), and dehydration are not typically associated with the "Triad of Death." These conditions may occur in other medical scenarios but are not directly linked to the lethal cycle seen in trauma patients.

Conclusion:

The "Triad of Death" is a critical concept in trauma care, emphasizing the importance of addressing coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis promptly to prevent rapid deterioration. Understanding this triad is essential for improving outcomes in severely injured patients.