Which country elected the World's first woman Prime Minister in the 20th century ?

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CBSE Junior Assistant Official Paper (Held On: 20 Apr, 2025)
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  1. Sri Lanka
  2. New Zealand
  3. England
  4. Germany.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Sri Lanka
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Sri Lanka.

Key Points

  • Sri Lanka elected the world's first woman Prime Minister, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, in 1960.
  • Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the head of the Sri Lankan Freedom Party following the assassination of her husband, S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, in 1959.
  • She served as the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) in three terms: 1960–65, 1970–77, and 1994–2000.
  • Her election marked a significant milestone in global politics, challenging the notion of male dominance in political leadership during the 20th century.
  • Under her leadership, Sri Lanka pursued policies of non-alignment in foreign affairs and socialist-oriented domestic policies.

Additional Information

  • Women in Political Leadership:
    • Sirimavo Bandaranaike's election paved the way for many other women leaders globally, including Indira Gandhi (India), Margaret Thatcher (UK), and Angela Merkel (Germany).
    • Her legacy serves as an inspiration for gender equality in political leadership.
  • Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):
    • During her tenure, Sri Lanka actively participated in the Non-Aligned Movement, which aimed to maintain neutrality during the Cold War.
    • Bandaranaike's leadership strengthened Sri Lanka's position as a significant member of NAM.
  • Socialist Policies in Sri Lanka:
    • Sirimavo Bandaranaike implemented socialist policies, including nationalizing key industries such as banking, insurance, and transport.
    • Her government focused on welfare programs, including free education and healthcare.
  • Global Recognition:
    • Sirimavo Bandaranaike is recognized globally as a trailblazer for women in politics.
    • She received numerous accolades during her lifetime for her contributions to global peace and development.
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