Which of the following documents is referred to as the 'Magna Carta of the Indian people'?

The correct answer is The Queen's Proclamation of 1858.

Key Points

• The Queen's Proclamation of 1858, also known as the "Proclamation by the Queen in Council," marked the formal transfer of power from the East India Company to the British Crown.
• It is referred to as the "Magna Carta of the Indian people" because it promised equal treatment of Indian subjects and British citizens under the law.
• The proclamation assured non-interference in religious practices and customs, which was a significant step toward addressing Indian grievances post the Revolt of 1857.
• Queen Victoria declared that Indians would be eligible for government positions based on their education and ability, promoting a sense of fairness.
• The proclamation was issued on November 1, 1858, and was read by Lord Canning, the first Viceroy of India, in Allahabad.

Additional Information

• Revolt of 1857:
  • Also known as the First War of Independence, it was a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India.
  • The revolt was triggered by grievances related to social, economic, and political issues, including the introduction of the Enfield rifle cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat.
• Indian Councils Act of 1861:
  • This act marked the beginning of legislative reforms in India under British rule.
  • It introduced the concept of non-official Indian members in the legislative council.
• Charter Act of 1833:
  • This act centralized administrative power by making the Governor-General of Bengal the Governor-General of India.
  • It opened up civil services to Indians, though the provision was rarely implemented.
• Treaty of Allahabad (1765):
  • Signed between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Robert Clive, this treaty granted the East India Company Diwani rights (revenue collection) in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
  • It marked the beginning of British political control in India.