Question
Download Solution PDFWhich of the following represents the decreasing order of the rate of electrophilic axomatic substitution?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFCONCEPT:
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS)
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) is a reaction in which an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring.
- The rate of this substitution depends on the electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups attached to the aromatic ring.
- Electron-donating groups (e.g., –OCH₃) activate the ring towards electrophilic attack, while electron-withdrawing groups (e.g., –COOH) deactivate the ring.
EXPLANATION:
- The substituents on the aromatic ring can either increase or decrease the electron density of the ring, thereby affecting the rate of electrophilic substitution.
- - Electron-donating groups such as –OCH₃ (methoxy) increase the electron density on the ring, making it more reactive to electrophiles and thereby increasing the rate of substitution.
- - Electron-withdrawing groups such as –COOH (carboxyl) decrease the electron density on the ring, making it less reactive to electrophiles and slowing the rate of substitution.
- In this case, the increasing order of reactivity is:
- - Methoxy (-OCH₃) group (electron-donating) > Carboxyl (-COOH) group (electron-withdrawing)
Therefore, the decreasing order of the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution is option 2.
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