Which part of nephron of the human kidney is responsible for filtration of blood for excretion?

The correct answer is Bowman's capsule

Concept:

• The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
• The nephron consists of various parts, each with a specific function in the filtration and reabsorption process.
• Components of the nephron are
  • Bowmans Capsule
  • Glomerulus
  • Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT)
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• Bowman's capsule is a cup-like structure that encases the glomerulus, where the filtration of blood takes place.

Explanation:

• Bowman's capsule is a cup-like sack at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney.
• The blood gets filtered through 3 layers, i.e., the endothelium of glomerular blood vessels, the epithelium of Bowman’s capsule, and a basement membrane between these two layers.
• The epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule called podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits or slit pores.
• Blood is filtered so finely through these membranes, that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule.

Other Options:

• Collecting duct: This part of the nephron is involved in the reabsorption of water and the concentration of urine.
• Renal vein: The renal vein is responsible for carrying filtered blood away from the kidney back to the heart.
• Ureter: The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.