Who was the chief luminary and philosopher of the Trika philosophical system of India?

The correct answer is Abhinavagupta.

Key Points

• Abhinavagupta (c. 950–1020 CE) was a renowned philosopher, mystic, and scholar of the Trika (Kashmir Shaivism) philosophical system in India.
• He is considered one of the greatest exponents of Kashmir Shaivism and authored numerous works, including the monumental Tantraloka, a comprehensive treatise on the practice and philosophy of Trika Shaivism.
• Abhinavagupta's philosophy integrates metaphysics, epistemology, and aesthetics, emphasizing the concept of non-dualism (Advaita) within the framework of Shaivism.
• He was deeply influenced by earlier thinkers of the Trika tradition, such as Vasugupta and Somananda, and significantly expanded upon their ideas.
• Abhinavagupta's contributions extend to Indian aesthetics, where his commentary on the Natyashastra introduced the concept of Rasa as central to art and literature.

Additional Information

• Trika Philosophy:
  • Trika is a school of non-dualistic Shaivism originating in Kashmir, emphasizing the unity of the individual self (Atman) with the universal consciousness (Shiva).
  • It incorporates three key aspects: Shiva (the ultimate reality), Shakti (dynamic energy), and Nara (individual soul).
• Tantraloka:
  • Written by Abhinavagupta, this is a 37-chapter encyclopedic work explaining Trika philosophy, rituals, and practices.
  • It is a foundational text of Kashmir Shaivism and integrates tantric practices with philosophical insights.
• Rasa Theory:
  • Abhinavagupta expanded upon Bharata Muni's Rasa theory from the Natyashastra, focusing on the aesthetic experience (Rasa) as a spiritual process.
  • He identified nine primary Rasas, including Shringara (love), Hasya (humor), and Karuna (compassion).
• Kashmir Shaivism:
  • A unique spiritual and philosophical tradition originating in Kashmir, emphasizing the recognition of the self as Shiva.
  • It incorporates both monistic metaphysics and tantric rituals, making it distinct from other Advaita traditions.