Kingdoms in South India MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Kingdoms in South India - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

King Karikan was the common ancestor through whom small Deccan and Andhra families called Chola.

• The founder of the Chola Empire was Vijayalaya, who was the first feudatory of the Pallavas of Kanchi.
• He captured Tanjore and established there a temple of goddess Nishumbhasudini.

• Chola ruler Aditya I (871-907 AD) son of the successor of Vijayalaya took part in the battle of Shripurambiyam in which Pandyas were defeated by Pallavas.
• Aditya I defeated Pallavas in the Battle of Vayati.
• Aditya helped his overlord the Pallava king Aparajita against the Pandyas but soon defeated him and annexed the whole of the Pallava kingdom.
• The Rashtrakuta king, Krishna II gave his daughter in marriage to Aditya.
• Pallav Dynasty existed from 275 CE to 897 CE in South India. Their capital is Kanchipuram.
• Pallavas are most known for their magnificent sculpture and temples.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that Chola ruler Aditya I captured Kanchi defeating Pallavas.

Correct option-1

• According to the interpretation and context, the Sangam Literature can be described into two types Agam (inner) and Puram (outer)
• The Agam is connected with personal and human aspects such as love and sexual things.
• The Puram is connected with human experience and emotions such as Heroism, Valor, Ethics and Philanthropy.
• The poems are also been classified into nature themes which are known as Thinai.​​​
  • ​Kurinji (Mountainous Theme)
  • Mullai (Forests Theme)
  • Marutham (Agricultural Land Theme)
  • Neithal (Coastal Theme)
  • Paalai (Desert Theme)
• These poems are between 3 and 782 lines long.

The correct answer is Pallavas.

• Mallikarjuna and the Virupaksha temples at Pattadakal were built by the two queens of King Vikramaditya II, to commemorate the victory of the Chalukyas over the Pallavas.

Key Points

• Mallikarjuna temple is located at Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh.
• Virupaksha temple is located in Hampi in the Bellary district of Karnataka.
  • It is a part of the monuments in Hampi and a UNESCO World Heritage site.
• Pallavas were the local tribe who established their authority in the Tondaimandalam or land of creepers.
• They were orthodox Brahmanical Hindus and their capital was Kanchi.
• Both Chalukyas and Pallavas tried to establish their supremacy over land between Krishna and Tungabhadra.
• Pallava King Narasimhavarman occupied Chalukya capital Vatapi in about 642 AD and assumed the title Vatapikonda (Conqueror of Vatapi).

Additional Information

Guptas 

• Gupta Dynasty ruled the middle of the 3rdcentury (approximately) to 543 AD.
• The Gupta dynasty period is referred to as the 'Classical Age or Golden Age' of Ancient India.
• Sri Gupta was the founder Gupta dynasty
• Sri Gupta was followed by his son Ghatokkacha and was followed by his son Chandragupta.
  • Both assumed the title of Maharaja.
• Chandragupta I was the first ruler to assume the title Maharajadhiraja.
• Samudragupta was called the Napolean of India.
• Chandragupta II adopted the title Vikramaditya.
• Skandagupta was the last great ruler of the Gupta dynasty.

Mauryas

• Chandragupta Maurya founded the Maurya Empire in 322 BCE when he conquered the kingdom of Magadha.
• Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by his son, Bindusara, in 298 BCE. 
• Bindusara expanded the Maurya Empire southward, with Chanakya as his advisor. 
• Bindusara was succeeded by his son, Ashoka the Great, in 272 BCE.
• Under Ashoka the Great, the Maurya Empire expanded into the southern part of the Indian subcontinent.

Pandavas 

• Pandavas were the five powerful and skilled sons of Pandu, the King of Hastinapur, and his two wives Kunti and Madri.
• Hastinapur is equated with the current modern Indian state of Haryana, south of New Delhi.
• The Pandavas five persons are Yudhistira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva.
• The Pandavas are the central characters in the most applauded epic in Hinduism, the Mahabharata.
• The brothers were famously involved in the Kurukshetra War with their cousins the Kauravas over who would control the throne of Hastinapur, and were, ultimately, victorious.

Vetti tax is the most frequently mentioned tax in the inscription of Cholas who ruled in Tamil Nadu.

• Vetti was a form of forced labour tax.
• It was levied from common people.
• Common people were forced to work for the king or their village landlords without any wages.
• Chola dynasty is considered one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the world's history.
• Land revenue and trade tax were the main sources of income during the Chola period.

The correct answer is 9th century AD.

Key Points

• The Chola Empire of the South emerged in the ​9th century AD (850-1279 AD).
• The founder of Chola Dynasty - Vijayalaya
• Vijayalaya captured Tanjore in 850 AD.
• The greatest Chola ruler was Rajaraja (985-1014 AD) and Rajendra I (1014-1044 AD).
• Rajaraja built Brihadeshwara temple / Rajarajeshwara temple (attributed to Shiva) at Tanjore.
• Rajendra I conquered Orissa, Bengal, Burma, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Chola dynasty was as its zenith during his reign.
• Rajendra I defeated the Pala king Mahipala and took the title of Gangaikondachola and built a city called Gangaikondacholapuram.
• King Rajasimha built the Kailashnath temple at Kancheepuram.
• Parantak I built Koranganatha temple at Srini wasanllur.
• Rajaraja II built the Airawteshwar temple at Darasuram.
• Kullotung III built the Kampahreshwar temple at Tribhuvan.
• The last ruler of the Chola dynasty was Rajendra III.
• Land revenue and trade tax were the main sources of income.
• The Chola empire divided into Mandalams (Province) and these were divided into Valanadu (Comissionary), Nadu (District), and Kurram ( a group of villages)

The correct answer is 985 C.E.

Key Points

• Rajaraja I, a Chola emperor, ruled between 985 and 1014 CE.
• He is known for restoring the Chola hegemony and securing its dominance throughout the Indian Ocean during his time as the most powerful Tamil king in South India.
• He ruled over a sizable portion of northern Sri Lanka, the Chera country, and the Pandya country.
• Also, he bought Lakshadweep, the Thiladhunmadulu atoll, and a portion of the Maldives' northernmost islands in the Indian Ocean.

Additional Information

• Pallava:
  • ​​Around the fourth century AD, the South saw the rise of the Pallavas, who reached the pinnacle of their supremacy in the seventh century AD.
  • For over 500 years, they were able to maintain their hegemony.
• Pandya:
  • ​​The Pandyan dynasty, commonly known as the Pandyas of Madurai, was one of the three major kingdoms of Tamilakam, or South India, together with the Chera and Chola dynasties.
• Chalukya:
  • ​​During the sixth through the twelfth centuries, the Chalukya dynasty, a Classical Indian monarchy, ruled over a sizable portion of southern and central India.
  • They held power as three interconnected but separate dynasties during this time.

According to Chola inscriptions, there were five types of 'land gifts' that Chola kings gave to their people:

1. vellanvagai was land for non-Brahmana, peasant proprietors
2. brahmadeya was land gifted to Brahmanas. Hence, option 2nd is the correct answer.
3. shalabhoga was land for the maintenance of a school
4. devadana / tirunamattukkani was land gifted to temples
5. pallichchhandam was land donated to Jaina institutions

Key Points

• Brahmadeya Grants were gifts made to Brahmans in the early 600-1200 A.D.
• Brahmadeya represents tax-free land given to Brahmans which could be a small piece of land and even a whole village.
• The gifted land was around various irrigation facilities such as tanks or lakes, in case of the absence of irrigation facilities, new facilities were created near the land.
• Land tax was the primary source of government revenue.
• The Brahmadeya and Devadhana lands were exempted from tax. 

The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of Southern India.

• The earliest datable references to this Tamil dynasty are in inscriptions from the 3rd century BCE left by Ashoka of the Maurya Empire.
• As one of the Three Crowned Kings, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territory until the 13th century.
• The administration of Chola rulers was best and as such, there was all-around development in socio-economic, cultural and such other conditions.

Administration of Chola Empire

• The Chola military had a strength of 1,50,000 men and an elephant corps of 60,000. They imported costly Arabian horses for their cavalry.
• The army personnel were trained in cantonments called kadagam or padaividu. Hence, option 4th is the correct answer.
• They possessed an excellent navy as evident from their expedition to Ceylon, Maldives and Kadaram in Malaysia. They controlled the Coromandel and Malabar coasts and dominated the Bay of Bengal.

• The Chola rulers were called Chakravartigal. The capital of the kingdom was Tanjavur.
• Kanchi and Gangakondacholapuram were subsidiary capitals.
• The Chola kingdom was divided into provinces called mandalam.
• Mandalas were divided into valanadus and the latter into kurrams or kuttams.The lowest unit of administration was village.
• The Chola records mention the existence of two types of villages, Ur and the Brahmadeya villages.
• Ur had its own local assembly also called Ur and consisted of all members of the villages exclusive of the untouchables.
• The Brahmadeya villages were inhabited by learned Brahmanas and had assemblies called Mahasabha.
• The Cholas had set up an organized judicial system. There are references to dharmasana in several inscriptions, probably signifying the king’s court of justice.
• Learned Brahmins known as dharmasana-bhattas assisted the court. The village assemblies exercised large powers in matters of local interests which they settled with the help of small committees of nyayavattar. ​

Correct Answer: 2,3,1,4

Key Points

• Rajaraja I constructs the Great Temple of Tanjore (around 1003-1010 CE):
  • Rajaraja I, who ruled from 985 to 1014 CE, was instrumental in elevating the Chola Kingdom to a significant power. The construction of the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, often dated to around 1003-1010 CE, represents one of his most significant contributions. This temple not only symbolized the religious devotion of Rajaraja I but also served as a statement of his power and architectural innovation. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is revered for its grandeur and architectural mastery.
• Rajendra I expands the Chola Empire (r. 1012-1044 CE):
  • Rajendra I succeeded his father Rajaraja I and continued his expansionist policies. His reign, from 1012 to 1044 CE, saw the Chola Empire reaching its zenith. His northern expeditions up to the Ganges River and successful naval expeditions across Southeast Asia, including the defeat of the Srivijaya Empire, significantly extended Chola influence. His establishment of Gangaikonda Cholapuram as a new capital was to commemorate his northern expeditions and victories.
• Kulottunga I succeeds to the Chola throne (1070 CE):
  • After a period of internal strife and challenges, Kulottunga I came to power in 1070 CE. His extensive reign (1070-1122 CE) is marked by administrative reforms and consolidation of the administrative structure. He was known for promoting economic prosperity, enhancing agricultural production, reviving temple-building activities, and ensuring a relatively stable and peaceful rule after initial contention. Kulottunga I balanced the continuation of Chola supremacy while managing threats from neighboring kingdoms.
• Vikramaditya VI challenges Chola supremacy (late 11th century into early 12th century):
  • The conflict with the Western Chalukyas, particularly with Vikramaditya VI, is a noted period of military struggle during Kulottunga I’s time. Vikramaditya VI began to challenge Chola dominance around the latter part of the 11th century into the early 12th century. Despite these challenges, the Chola Empire managed to maintain its core territories and influence through strategic defenses and administrative efficiency. These conflicts, however, signify the intense rivalries that marked the later Chola period.

Additional InformationChronological list of notable Chola kings with their reign years:

1. Vijayalaya Chola (850–871 CE)
2. Aditya I (871–907 CE)
3. Parantaka I (907–953 CE)
4. Gandaraditya (953–957 CE)
5. Arinjaya Chola (956–957 CE)
6. Sundara Chola (Parantaka II) (957–970 CE)
7. Aditya II (964–971 CE)
8. Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014 CE)
9. Rajendra Chola I (1012–1044 CE)
10. Rajadhiraja Chola (1044–1054 CE)
11. Rajendra Chola II (1054–1063 CE)
12. Virarajendra Chola (1063–1070 CE)
13. Kulottunga I (1070–1122 CE)
14. Vikrama Chola (1122–1135 CE)
15. Kulottunga II (1133–1150 CE)
16. Rajaraja Chola II (1146–1173 CE)
17. Rajadhiraja Chola II (1166–1178 CE)
18. Kulottunga III (1178–1218 CE)
19. Rajaraja Chola III (1216–1246 CE)
20. Rajendra Chola III (1246–1279 CE)

The correct answer is option 4 All of these

• ​For the convenience of administration, the entire Chola empire was divided into 6 provinces.
• The province was called "Mandalam", which was ruled by the Viceroy.
• "Mandalam" was divided into several "Valnadu" who were equal to the present-day commissioners.
• Each "Vallanadu" had many districts and the noun of the district was "Nadu".
• The assembly of "Nadu" was called "Nattar".
• "Nattar" includes all representatives of the village and city.