Arrange the following according to their year of emergence.

A. ERNET

B. NKN

C. C-DOT

D. C-DAC

E. NMEICT

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The Correct answer is C, A, D, E, B

Key Points

• C-DOT: 1984
• ERNET: 1986
• C-DAC: 1988
• NMEICT: 2009
• NKN: 2010

Additional Information

Education and Research Network (ERNET)-

• ​The ERNET was initiated in 1986 - 1987 by the Department of Electronics (DoE) to provide computer communication for the academic and research community in India.
• It is a joint project of the DoE, Govt. of India, and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
• It is India's first network setup for fostering educational and research activities in the premier institutions and research laboratories.
• The main objective of the ERNET Project was to provide Internet access to software developers, students, research scholars, and academicians at the premier research institutions.
• It involves the participation of eight educational and research institutions in the country serving as Nodal Centres for the ERNET Project in the country. They are-
  • The five IITs - Mumbai, Kharagpur, Kanpur, Chennai, New Delhi,
  • The Indian Institute of Science (IISC), Bangalore
  • The National Centre for Software Technology (NCST), Mumbai
  • Department of Electronics (DoE), New Delhi 

C-DOT:

• The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) is a government-owned telecommunications technology development center in India, established in 1984 with a focus on designing digital exchanges.
• Over the years, it has expanded to develop both wireless and wired telecom equipment.
• C-DOT has offices in Delhi, Bangalore, and Kolkata and is one of the few government organizations in India to achieve Maturity Level 5 of CMMI-DEV v1.3.
• In February 2014, United Telecoms Limited, the technology licensee of C-DOT, secured a significant GPON order from BBNL worth approximately Rs 1000 Cr.
• This marked a major achievement in global competitive bidding for C-DOT.
• Additionally, C-DOT won the NMS tender for the National Optical Fibre Network project.
• Known as the "temple of technology" in India, C-DOT has made substantial contributions to the telecom sector.

C-DAC:

• The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is the premier research and development organization under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
• It was Established in 1988.
• It focuses on research in IT, electronics, and related areas.
• C-DAC has grown into a leading institution in the country, strengthening national technological capabilities while keeping pace with global advancements and market needs.
• C-DAC collaborates closely with MeitY to implement national policies and initiatives in IT.

NKN:

• The National Knowledge Network (NKN) is a high-speed national research and education network in India, connecting educational and research institutions.
• Managed by the National Informatics Centre, it operates as a unified multi-gigabit network backbone.
• It was formed in 2010.

​NMEICT:

• The National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), launched in 2009 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), aims to enhance teaching and learning through ICT for all learners in higher education.
• The mission seeks to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) by 5 percentage points during the XI Five-Year Plan.
• It focuses on providing quality educational content in a flexible, anytime, anywhere format, benefiting students, teachers, and lifelong learners.
• By harnessing technology, the mission aims to expand access and improve the quality of education.