Consider the following fauna:

1. Lion-tailed Macaque

2. Malabar Civet

3. Sambar Deer

How many of the above are generally nocturnal or most active after sunset? 

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UPSC Civil Services Prelims 2023: General Studies (SET - A - Held on 28 May)
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  1. Only one
  2. Only two
  3. All three
  4. None

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Only two
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The correct answer is Only two

Key Points

  • Lion-tailed Macaque: 
    • Diurnal Species: The Lion-tailed Macaque is a diurnal species, meaning it is active during the day.
    • Troop Structure: They live in troops typically consisting of 19-25 individuals, with usually only one adult male.
    • Human-like Behavior: As non-human primates, they exhibit behaviors similar to humans.
    • Formidable Appearance: Despite being small, an adult male can appear formidable when threatened, with bared canines, erect tail, and fur standing on end.
  • Malabar Civet: 
    • Nocturnal Animal: The Malabar Civet is a nocturnal and elusive species.
    • Endemic to the Western Ghats: It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India.
    • Critically Endangered: The Malabar Civet is listed as 'Critically Endangered' by the IUCN and is among the 15 most threatened mammals globally.
  • Sambar Deer: 
    • Crepuscular Behavior: Sambar Deer are primarily crepuscular, being most active during dawn and dusk.
    • Ecosystem Importance: They are preyed upon by Indian Leopards, Bengal Tigers, and Dholes, making them a key component of their ecosystems.
    • Nocturnal Activity: While primarily crepuscular, they can also exhibit nocturnal behavior and may be active at night.
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