"Kattaka caves" referred to, among others

P. Hathigumpha and Ranigunmpha

Q. Kumari Parvata

R. Alakapurigumpha

S. Mahendragarh

Key Points

• The Kattaka caves are also known as the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves, which are partly natural and partly artificial caves of archaeological, historical, and religious importance near the city of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India.
• The Hathigumpha and Ranigumpha caves are some of the most prominent caves in this complex, known for their intricate carvings and significant historical inscriptions.
• The Hathigumpha inscription is a significant historical record from the time of King Kharavela of the Mahameghavahana dynasty, which provides valuable insights into the history of the region.
• The Ranigumpha cave is a two-storied structure that is particularly noted for its elaborate sculptures and architectural design.

Additional Information

• Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves:
  • Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves are a group of ancient rock-cut caves that date back to the 2nd century BCE.
  • They were built during the reign of King Kharavela, one of the most famous rulers of the Mahameghavahana dynasty.
  • The caves were used by Jain monks for meditation and religious practices.
• Hathigumpha Inscription:
  • The Hathigumpha inscription is a significant historical epigraph located in the Hathigumpha cave.
  • It is a seventeen-line Prakrit language inscription written in Brahmi script.
  • The inscription records the military conquests and achievements of King Kharavela.
• Ranigumpha Cave:
  • Ranigumpha, also known as the Queen's Cave, is one of the largest and most elaborate caves in the Udayagiri complex.
  • It features a two-storied structure with intricately carved verandahs and elaborate sculptures.
• Alakapuri Gumpha:
  • Alakapuri Gumpha is another notable cave within the Udayagiri complex.
  • It is known for its unique carvings and its association with Jain traditions.