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Home / IAS Preparation / Bugun Liocichla | UPSC Notes

Bugun Liocichla: IUCN Status, Habitat, Significance & More | UPSC Notes

Last Updated on Oct 16, 2024
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The Bugun Liocichla is arguably one of the most interesting and rarest bird species. It was sighted only in 2006 and, hence, gained rather prominent status in ornithological circles-to say the least. Currently discovered only in the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, the Bugun Liocichla has caught the attention of the area's biodiversity and the urgency it calls for conserving these fragile ecosystems.

Syllabus

General Studies - III

Topics for Prelims

Threatened Species, Indian Geography, Eastern Himalayas, Types of Forests, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries

Topics for Mains

Impact on Biodiversity, Environment

Discovery and Description of Bugun Liocichla

Bugun Liocichla was first reported by Indian ornithologist Dr. Ramana Athreya while he was attending the remote forests of Eaglenest for birding expeditions in 2006. This name was derived from the Bugun tribe, indigenous to the area. What made this discovery special is the fact that it is decades since a new bird species was discovered in India.

The Bugun Liocichla is of medium size with striking features typical of the species. Olive-green upper parts of the bird feature a bright olive-green back and wings. There is a black cap with yellow-orange wing patches, which are bright. The rich chestnut-red undertail coverts complement the black mask and silver streaks around the eyes on the face. These markings separate Bugun Liocichla as one of the loveliest birds in India.

Know more about Longitudinal Divisions of Himalayas!

Habitat and Distribution of Bugun Liocichla

Bugun Liocichla can be found in temperate and subtropical forests in Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh. The sanctuary forms part of the Eastern Himalayas-the erstwhile watershed villages of India-and is characterized by dense forest cover having a mix of varied ecosystems with many species of flora as well as fauna. Conversely, the Bugun Liocichla has a very narrow distribution and is confined to a small pocket within this sanctuary, between elevations of 2,000 to 2,500 meters.

Ideally, this bird would need dense undergrowth and shrubs, primarily in areas that experience heavy rainfall. The range and habitat preferences make it potentially vulnerable to changes in the environment, particularly from habitat destruction caused by deforestation, infrastructural development, and climate change.

Know more about Conservation of Biodiversity!

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Conservation Status of Bugun Liocichla

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has classified the Bugun Liocichla as Critically Endangered. The species holds an incredibly small range and an extraordinarily minute population count. Present estimates indicate it may consist of less than 50 individuals across the board, making this one of the rarest birds on the face of the earth. The major threats to the survival of the Bugun Liocichla are human encroachment, which leads to habitat destruction by illegal logging and road construction within the sanctuary.

Climate change is yet another major factor that could have a serious impact on the survival of this bird. These birds thrive at specific temperatures and rainfall, and any change would fundamentally alter its habitat and all other related food resources. Invasive species and overgrazing by livestock and tourism also pose a threat to the already delicate ecosystems that support the Bugun Liocichla.

Know more about Eastern & Western Ghats!

Community Involvement in Conservation of Bugun Liocichla

One of the most dramatic twists in the story of the Bugun Liocichla is the fact that it becomes a success story in involving the local communities involved in its conservation. Key to providing protection to the bird's habitat was the Bugun tribe after which it was named. The tribe's awareness of the importance of preserving forests has led to initiatives aimed at balancing conservation with sustainable development.

While developing eco-friendly tourism - birdwatching tours - with the help of the Bugun tribe, conservationists ensured that not only the income from tourism remained in the local community but also the message of protecting this bird and its habitat reached a greater level.

 It is one of the shining examples of indigenous knowledge and sustainable practices, which have become the backbone of preserving biodiversity.

Since its discovery, the Liocichla of Bugun has raised much concern and attention from conservationists and researchers worldwide. In the present scenario, the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary has been a hot-spot for birdwatching as well as ornithological excellence; therefore, the biodiversity programs are underway to protect this sanctuary.

Efforts to monitor the population and habitat of the Bugun Liocichla are also being made by organizations like BirdLife International and the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS). Indian government has taken initial efforts to improve the mechanism for conservation in the region by declaring parts of the sanctuary as no-go zones for development projects.

The sanctity of the sanctuary does not shield the bird's habitat from poachers and infrastructure projects. There is a corollary lack of awareness regarding the plight of this species among significant sections of civil society and policymakers to guarantee long-term survival for the species. The inaccessibility of the remote sanctuary complicates monitoring and actual enforcement of laws for conservation.

Know more about CITES!

Significance of the Bugun Liocichla

The discovery of the Bugun Liocichla has very significant implications for biodiversity conservation, not only in India but outside also. It speaks much about northeastern India as a critical biodiversity hotspot, especially the Eastern Himalayas that contain such unexplored and unprecedented species. The plight of the Bugun Liocichla calls for swift measures to protect the region's ecosystems, which are also under human activities and climate changes.

The Bugun Liocichla is a call to action for conservation-for what may be lost if concerted efforts are not made to protect endangered species and their habitats. The bird has become something of an icon for the Bugun, providing invaluable service in demonstrating the value of their traditional knowledge and stewardship of the land.

Conclusion

The Bugun Liocichla is more than a pretty, extremely rare bird-it has represented hope, cooperation, and the unsaid checks and balances the government must provide to maintain relative harmony between human activity and nature. It has enriched India's biodiversity while spurring a movement of greater conservation efforts-mostly in the vulnerable ecosystems of the Eastern Himalayas. All this apart, protecting the Bugun Liocichla will continue to require cooperation between scientists and policymakers and the local population, ensuring that this rare jewel of Indian avifauna continues to thrive for generations to come.

Key Takeaways for UPSC Aspirants

  • Endemic Species: The Bugun Liocichla is endemic to the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh.
  • Discovery: It was discovered as recently as 2006 and is one of the newest bird species to be discovered in India.
  • IUCN Status: It has been listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, and the estimated population is less than 50 individuals.
  • Habitat: Eastern Himalayas, in the subtropical montane forests, at the height of 2,000-2,500 meters.
  • Conservation Activities: Habitat protection and local community-based ecotourism involving the local Bugun tribe, who are major contributors to the bird's conservation.

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Bugun Liocichla UPSC FAQs

e Bugun Liocichla is endemic only to the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, which lies in the Eastern Himalayas of Arunachal Pradesh, India. It is a very rare species with highly restricted distribution and breeds in dense subtropical forests at an altitude of 2,000-2,500 meters.

It also happens to be one of the newest bird discoveries in India (2006), and is named after the local Bugun tribe. Its discovery has brought into focus the rich biodiversity of the Eastern Himalayas and calls attention to the urgent need to protect this fragile ecosystem.

This bird has been classified to be Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) list. It is estimated that the population of this bird is less than 50 individuals, thus making it one of the rarest birds in the world.

Climate change, destruction of habitat due to infrastructure like roadways and increased tourism and human activities near their habitats.

The Bugun Liocichla, Liocichla bugunorum, is one species of bird native to Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and was listed as critically endangered. These birds are characterized by bright olive-green and yellow feathers with silvery streaks on the eyesides.
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