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Home / IAS Preparation / Government Schemes of India / Integral Rural Development Programme

Integral Rural Development Programme: Origin, Objectives, Eligbility, Elements, Issues & Target areas

Last Updated on Dec 03, 2023
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The Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP) is a comprehensive and integrated strategy for promoting rural development. IRDP was introduced in the year 1978. The Government of India launched it and implemented it in 1980. The program aims to provide underprivileged people with employment options and the opportunity to expand their skill sets to better their living situations.

The program focuses on boosting access to basic services such as healthcare, education, clean water, and economic opportunities for rural populations.

The Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP) is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS Exam. It covers significant topics of the Indian Economy General Studies Paper-3 syllabus and current events for the UPSC exam.

Furthermore, the IRDP is an example of a government-led development initiative that can provide insights into the implementation and evaluation of public policy. The UPSC exam frequently includes questions about government policies and programmes, and the IRDP could be used as a case study to address these questions.

In this article, we shall study the integrated rural development programme for UPSC,

the objectives of the integrated rural development programme and many other facts about the UPSC Exam.

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What is the Integral Rural Development Programme?

The Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was a poverty alleviation program implemented in India. It aimed to improve the living conditions of rural households by providing them with various forms of assistance and support. The program was launched in 1978 and aimed to provide self-employment opportunities to the rural poor, particularly those below the poverty line.

Origin of Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP)

  • India launched IRDP in 1978.
  • The programme aimed to promote rural development and reduce rural poverty.
  • The Ministry of Rural Development started the programme.
  • State governments implemented IRDP with the support of municipal bodies.
  • IRDP was meant to tackle issues like poverty, lack of basic services, social exclusion and environmental degradation in villages.
  • The programme aimed to promote sustainable development in rural areas.
  • It did so by offering different interventions to improve the quality of life in rural communities.
  • IRDP was based on the values of community participation and empowerment.

Aim of IRDP

The aim of the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) is to:

  • Promote sustainable development in rural areas.
  • Alleviate poverty and improve the standard of living in rural communities.
  • Provide access to basic services like healthcare, education, and clean water.
  • Increase economic opportunities for rural communities.
  • Empower and build the capacity of rural communities to participate in decision-making and take charge of their development.
  • Promote self-reliance and sustainability.
  • Address rural communities' social, economic, and environmental concerns holistically and integrated.

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Objectives of IRDP

The following are the objectives of the Integrated Rural Development Project (IRDP):

  • IRDP aimed to help poor rural people generate an income to cross the poverty line.
  • Around 55 million poor people are covered under the scheme. The government spent Rs.13,700 per person.
  • IRDP had partner programmes to achieve its goal. They are:
    • DWCRA for rural women and children's development
    • GKY
    • MWS
    • SITRA
    • TRYSEM for rural youth self-employment training

However, these programmes ran separately. They failed to achieve IRDP's main goal. For example, only 3% of IRDP beneficiaries got training under TRYSEM.

  • DWCRA - Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas
  • GKY- Ganga Kalyan Yojana
  • MWS- Million Wells Scheme
  • SITRA - Supply of Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisan
  • TRYSEM- Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment

Also Read KAPILA Kalam Program

Eligibility for IRDP

The IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme) is a joint initiative of the Central and state governments, with a 50:50 funding arrangement. The Central Government allocates funds to each state based on the proportion of the state's rural population living in poverty compared to the total rural poverty population in the country. This approach has been implemented in all states of India since 1980. Various cooperatives, commercial banks, and regional rural banks offer productive financial assets and subsidies to support the program.

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Aspects of the IRDP Scheme

Some of the key aspects of the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) scheme include:

  • Target Beneficiaries: The IRDP primarily targets the rural poor, particularly those with scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and other backward classes.
  • Credit and financial support: The programme provides credit and financial support to rural entrepreneurs and encourages the development of rural financial institutions.
  • Skill Development and Training: The IRDP provides training and capacity-building support to rural communities to help them develop the skills and knowledge necessary to participate in development activities.
  • Infrastructure development: The programme supports the development of basic infrastructure, such as roads, schools, healthcare facilities, and irrigation systems, to improve the quality of life in rural communities.
  • Natural resource management: The IRDP promotes sustainable agricultural practices and natural resource management to promote environmental conservation and enhance the livelihoods of rural communities
  • Gender and social inclusion: The programme recognises the importance of promoting gender and social inclusion and encourages the participation of women and marginalized groups in development activities.

Elements of the Integral Rural Development Programme 
  • Economic development aims to spur the rural economy. It does this by providing assets, promoting self-employment and providing credit.
  • Social development aims to enhance people's well-being by providing essential infrastructure such as healthcare, education, and water resources.
  • Institutional development concentrates on strengthening the capabilities of local entities to support rural communities effectively.
  • Human resource development focuses on skill enhancement, involving training and capacity-building initiatives.
  • Environment development advocates sustainable agricultural practices and resource management, leading to improved livelihoods and environmental preservation.
  • Monitoring and evaluation procedures gauge the program's effectiveness and pinpoint areas necessitating enhancement.
  • The Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP) encompasses facets that foster economic, social, institutional, human, and environmental advancement within rural regions. Regular monitoring serves to assess and refine the program's outcomes.

Subsidies Provided Under Integral Rural Development Programme
  • The government provides subsidies and bank loans as financial aid.
  • Approved banks offer financial assets.
  • Subsidies are allocated based on the needs of target groups.
  • Banks provide a 25% subsidy to small farmers.
  • For rural artisans, marginal farmers and labourers, 33.5% subsidy.
  • SC/ST and physically handicapped get a 50% subsidy.
  • The ceiling for SC/ST and disabled groups is set at ₹6000.
  • For DPAP and non-DDP areas, ₹4000 is charged.
  • For DPAP and DDP areas, ₹5000 is charged.
  • SC/ST gets a 50% subsidy. Women get a 40% subsidy. Differently abled get a 3% subsidy.
  • Priority gives to groups with excess limits and Green Card holders under free bonded labour programs.

Beneficiaries of the IRDP Scheme

The Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP) primarily targets the rural poor in India, particularly those who belong to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and other backward classes. Some of the specific categories of beneficiaries of the IRDP scheme include

  • Small and marginal farmers
  • Landless labourers
  • Rural artisans
  • People living below the poverty line
  • Women and female-headed households
  • Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
  • Other Backward Classes 

Also, check out the article on National Skill Development Mission (NSDM) for UPSC preparation.

Implementation of Integral Rural Development Programme 

The Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP) is implemented through a decentralized process that involves multiple stakeholders at different levels. Some of the key features of the implementation process of the IRDP include

  • Decentralized administration: The programme is decentralized, with the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) playing a key role in implementing the programme at the district level.
  • Formation of self-help groups: The programme encourages the formation of self-help groups (SHGs) to promote collective action and help beneficiaries access credit and other forms of support.
  • Identification of beneficiaries: The programme uses a participatory process to identify beneficiaries, with Gram Sabhas and other local institutions playing a key role in the identification process.
  • Asset creation: The programme supports the creation of income-generating assets, such as land, livestock, and equipment, to help the rural poor generate sustainable livelihoods.
  • Credit and financial support: The programme provides credit and financial support to rural entrepreneurs through a network of rural financial institutions, such as banks, cooperatives, and microfinance institutions.
  • Training and capacity building: The programme provides training and capacity-building support to rural communities to help them develop the skills and knowledge necessary to participate in development activities.
  • Monitoring and evaluation: The programme has a monitoring and evaluation framework in place to assess the programme's impact and identify areas for improvement.

Target areas for Integral Rural Development Programme 

The Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP) focuses on rural India's development sectors. The following are some of the program's primary focus areas:

  • Agriculture and allied sectors: The program's goal is to encourage sustainable agricultural methods, boost production, and increase the income of small and marginal farmers.
  • Animal husbandry: The program encourages animal husbandry while providing financial assistance for acquiring cattle and other animal husbandry-related equipment.
  • Small-scale industries: The programme seeks to encourage the development of small-scale industries in rural areas, particularly those based on local resources and capabilities.
  • Infrastructure development: The program's goal is to help fund the construction of rural infrastructure such as roads, bridges, irrigation systems, and drinking water supplies.
  • Education and training: The program aims to offer rural communities education and training to develop their skills and knowledge and promote social and economic empowerment.

Evaluation of IRDP

The Integral Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was a poverty alleviation programme launched by the government of India in 1980. Here is an evaluation of the programme:

  • Providing financial assistance to the rural poor for them to create productive assets.
  • Focus on the poorest of the poor and marginalized sections of society.
  • Emphasis on integrated development through a multi-sectoral approach.

Issues Associated with IRDP
  • Components were executed as separate programs. They failed to achieve IRDP's main goal.
  • Only 3% of IRDP beneficiaries received TRYSEM training. Convergence needed to be improved.
  • Most funds are spent on something other than poverty alleviation. Fund diversion is common.
  • Beneficiaries often need help to repay bank loans. This led to high default rates.
  • There were inclusion errors. Many non-poor benefitted.
  • Exclusion errors are also common. Many eligible poor could not benefit.
  • The weak capacity of institutions implementing IRDP limited its success.
  • Lack of marketing facilities for products affected income generation.
  • The absence of post-loan support led to high failure rates among entrepreneurs.
  • Political interference in beneficiary selection undermined IRDP effectiveness.
  • Poor choice of income-generating assets further reduced the impact of IRDP.

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IRDP and The sixth five-year plan period

The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was launched in India during the sixth five-year plan period (1980–1985) as a key initiative to promote rural development. Some of the specific features of the IRDP during this period include:

  • The programme's primary focus was to alleviate poverty and improve the standard of living in rural communities.
  • The programme targeted the poorest of the poor in rural areas, particularly those belonging to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and other backward classes.
  • The programme aimed to provide income-generating assets, such as land, livestock, and equipment, to help the rural poor generate sustainable livelihoods.
  • The programme provided credit and financial support to rural entrepreneurs to promote self-employment and entrepreneurship in rural areas.
  • The programme aimed to enhance the skills and capacity of rural communities to participate in development activities and provided training and capacity-building support.
  • The programme sought to provide basic infrastructure and services, such as healthcare, education, and clean water, to improve the quality of life in rural communities.
  • The programme emphasized the importance of community participation and empowerment. It sought to build the capacity of rural communities to participate in decision-making and take charge of their development.
  • The programme also encouraged adopting sustainable agricultural practices and conserving natural resources, thereby promoting environmental sustainability and conservation.

Conclusion

The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) has significantly improved the standard of living of the rural poor in India. It has provided access to credit and technical and vocational training and has promoted self-employment. The programme has helped reduce poverty, reduce income disparities and promote economic development in rural areas. However, some challenges still need to be addressed to ensure the programme is long-term success. These include issues related to access to credit, infrastructure, capacity building, and the need for more effective monitoring and evaluation.

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Integral Rural Development Programme FAQs

The main objective of the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) was to alleviate poverty in rural areas of India by creating income-generating activities and providing basic infrastructure and services. The programme aimed to target the poorest of the poor and marginalized sections of society, such as scheduled castes.

The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was introduced by the Government of India in 1980 as a comprehensive program for rural development. The program was part of a series of rural development programs initiated by the Indian government starting in the 1950s.

The Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) was introduced by the Government of India on October 2, 1980. The program was designed to provide assistance to the rural poor in the form of income-generating activities, basic infrastructure, and social services such as education and health care.

The IRDP programme is meant for the rural poor, especially those from the scheduled castes and tribes. The programme provides assistance to those who have little or no access to income-generating activities and basic services. Eligibility criteria may vary from state to state, and the government typically identifies beneficiaries based on income and social indicators.

The documents required to apply for the IRDP include proof of identity, address, income, caste, and land records.
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