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Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) - Background, Functions, Working, & More

Last Updated on Jan 23, 2024
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UNAIDS is spearheading the worldwide drive to eliminate AIDS as a public health hazard by 2030. Since its inception in 1996, UNAIDS has led and encouraged global, regional, national, and local leadership, innovation, and collaboration to finally eradicate HIV. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) brings together the collaborative efforts of 11 UN organizations, including: UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO, and the World Bank.

In this article, we will provide you with all features and necessary information on the UNAIDS.

This topic of UNAIDS is an important of International Relation for the UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains General Studies paper II. It covers a important section of UPSC IAS Exam.

Brief Background of UNAIDS
  • UNAIDS was formally established in 1994 with a UN resolution and released in 1996, but the roots can be traced back to the first recorded case fifteen years ago in 1981.
  • The “HIV/AIDS (“GNP+”)” campaign began in 1986 by Dietmar Bolle, an HIV-positive expert nurse and activist who aimed to connect people living with the disease all over the world.
  • A resolution of WHO’s World Health Assembly in 1993 confirmed the necessity for a combined UNAIDS programme, which was later backed by the governing bodies of the four prospective cosponsors and the UN Economic and Social Council.
  • Early in 1996, the six cosponsoring organizations signed a Memorandum of Understanding to collaborate in the fight against AIDS and to support UNAIDS.
  • UNAIDS is therefore an example of UN reform in action. A novel, collaborative strategy is required to address a basic health and development concern.

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Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) at Glance

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About UNAIDS

Why was UNAIDS created?

  • UNAIDS has taken up the battle against AIDS from WHO’s Global Programme on AIDS, which began in 1986.
  • Along with WHO, several UN organizations and entities have been working to combat the spread of disease, each in their own way. The six agencies have joined forces in UNAIDS for two main reasons:
    • The need for a more comprehensive, broad-based response to the epidemic in areas ranging from health to economic growth.
    • The necessity for nations to get better-coordinated UN system help and UN leadership.

Functions of UNAIDS

  • UNAIDS is a problem-solving organization. It puts individuals living with HIV and those impacted by the virus at the table of decision-making and at the center of creating, administering, and monitoring the AIDS response.
  • It lays forth a plan for governments and communities to embark on the Fast Track to end AIDS and is an outspoken champion for removing legal and legislative impediments to AIDS response.
  • UNAIDS offers the strategic direction, advocacy, coordination, and technical assistance required to catalyze and link leaders from governments, the business sector, and communities in order to deliver life-saving HIV services.
  • There would be no strategic vision for AIDS response without UNAIDS.

UNAIDS Strategy

  • The UNAIDS Strategy aims to improve worldwide development by achieving defined goals for widespread access to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and assistance.
  • The UNAIDS 2016-2021 Strategy is a strong call to action to get on the Fast Track and reach those who have fallen behind. Its audacious aims and ambitions are perfectly aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals.
  • It also aims to halt and fight the spread of HIV, as well as to contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals until 2015.
  • It lays out a road plan for the Joint Programme, with clear goals serving as checkpoints along the way to achieving UNAIDS’ aim.
  • The strategy is now being directed by the following documents:
    • Getting to Zero: UNAIDS Strategy from 2011 to 2015
    • HIV/AIDS Political Declaration, 2011.

UNAIDS and India

  • India has the world’s third-largest AIDS spread. The Government of India, through NACO, conducts various AIDS control projects.
  • Since 1999, UNAIDS has been operating in India. The National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) is the UNAIDS nodal body in India.
  • Through the National AIDS Control Organization in India, UNAIDS collaborates closely with the government to exchange information, skills, and experience in order to lead the fight against HIV.
  • UNAIDS supports India’s national response to HIV and AIDS by promoting:
    • Improved leadership and resource mobilisation
    • Increased programme coverage and sustainability for users who inject drugs, sex workers, and men having sex with men.
    • Coverage should be expanded to meet the vulnerability of women and girls, as well as young people.
    • All levels of planning, finance, and coordination have been improved.
    • Improved human resources and strong delivery mechanisms at all levels of government, civil society, and non-state partners.

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UNAIDS FACT SHEET 2021

Global HIV Statistics

  • In 2021, 38.4 million individuals worldwide were living with HIV.
  • In 2021, 1.5 million individuals got newly infected with HIV.
  • In 2021, 650 000 persons died as a result of AIDS-related diseases.
  • In 2021, 28.7 million individuals would have access to antiretroviral medication.

Women

  • Every week, around 5000 young women aged 15 to 24 become infected with HIV.
  • At some point in their life, more than one-third (35%) of women worldwide have suffered physical and/or sexual assault by an intimate partner or sexual violence by a non-partner. This makes them more vulnerable to HIV infection.

People living with HIV

  • In 2021, there will be 38.4 million [33.9 million-43.8 million] HIV-positive persons.
  • Adults (36.7 million) (15 years or older).
    • 1.7 million adolescents (0–14 years).
    • Women and girls made up 54% of all HIV-positive persons.
  • In 2021, 85 percent of persons living with HIV were aware of their HIV status.
  • In 2021, over 5.9 million people were unaware that they were infected with HIV.

95–95–95 target

  • In 2021, 85 percent of HIV-positive persons recognised their status.
  • 88 percent of those who understood their status were accessing treatment.
  • And, of those who received therapy, 92 percent were virally suppressed.

COVID-19 and HIV

  • COVID-19 causes more severe outcomes and comorbidities in persons living with HIV than in people who are not living with HIV. Most persons living with HIV did not had access to COVID-19 vaccinations by mid-2021.
  • COVID-19 lockdowns and other restrictions hampered HIV testing, resulting in sharp decreases in diagnoses and referrals to HIV treatment in several countries.

Concluding Remarks

Like no other institution, UNAIDS has helped to position, shape, and scale up the HIV response, fostering conversation and bringing in population who have hitherto been excluded from decision-making. Without UNAIDS, persons living with HIV would have been denied their human rights, and the voice of civil society would have been heard significantly less frequently.

UNAIDS has changed policy. UNAIDS has influenced HIV policy at the global, regional, and national levels. Using facts, experience, and political advocacy, it has raised investment for effective national policy, created health and community systems, developed legal frameworks, and moulded public opinion in the direction of developing healthy and resilient societies.

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UNAIDS FAQs

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) is an innovative United Nations family joint endeavor that strives to unify the globe against AIDS.

The UNAIDS Strategy intends to accelerate global progress toward country-set objectives for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support, as well as to halt and reverse HIV transmission.

A Programme Coordinating Board (PCB) composed of members from 22 countries from all geographic areas guides UNAIDS.

UNAIDS Executive Director Winnie Byanyima is the head of UNAIDS.

UNAIDS is an abbreviation for the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
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