What is the process by which autotrophs take in substance from outside and in the presence of sunlight, convert them into stored forms of energy?

The correct answer is Photosynthesis.

Key Points

• Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs like plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose.
• During photosynthesis, these organisms take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) from their surroundings.
• The process occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures light energy.
• Oxygen (O₂) is released as a by-product of photosynthesis, which is essential for the survival of aerobic organisms.
• Photosynthesis can be summarized by the chemical equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

Additional Information

• Chlorophyll: A green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis.
• Stomata: Tiny openings on the surfaces of leaves that allow for the exchange of gases (CO₂ and O₂) with the atmosphere.
• Thylakoid membranes: Structures within the chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.
• Calvin Cycle: The set of light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.
• Energy Storage: The glucose produced in photosynthesis is used by the plant for energy or converted into starch and stored for later use.