When the grains of sand are very fine and light, the wind can carry it over very long distances. When such sand is deposited in large areas, it is called _______.

The correct answer is Option 2.Key Points

•  "Loess" is the term for wind-deposited sediment that is composed predominantly of silt-sized particles.
• It's typically pale yellow or buff, loosely compacted, and often calcareous.
• Loess deposits can be very thick, even hundreds of meters, and can blanket very large areas.
• It is derived from the German term "Löss," which means loose or crumbly.
• It's found in many parts of the world, including the American Midwest, Europe, and China. The Loess Plateau in China, for example, is a well-known area of loess deposits.

Additional Information

•  In geographical terms, a "stack" is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, formed by wave erosion.
  • Stacks are formed over time by wind and water, processes of coastal geomorphology.
  • They are most commonly found in chalk or limestone areas, where the rock is softer and more prone to erosion.
  • This process begins when the sea attacks small cracks in a headland and opens them into larger caves.
  • If the caves are on both sides of a headland and eventually break through, they form an arch.
  • Over time, the arch will collapse due to the force of gravity, leaving the pillar of hard rock standing away from the coast—the stack.
  • Eventually, erosion will cause the stack to collapse, leaving a stump.Famous examples of stacks include the Twelve Apostles in Victoria, Australia, and Old Harry Rocks in Dorset, England.
• ​A moraine is a mass of rocks and sediment carried down and deposited by a glacier, typically as ridges at its edges or extremity.
• There are several types of moraines, and they can give us important clues about the glacier's past behavior.
• Here are the main types of moraines:
  •  Lateral Moraines: These are formed at the side of the ice flow and are usually a result of frost shattering of the valley sides.
  • Medial Moraines: These are formed when two glaciers merge, and lateral moraines combine to form a moraine in the middle of the glacier.
  • Terminal Moraines: These mark the maximum advance of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus.
  • Recessional Moraines: These are often observed as a series of transverse ridges running across a valley behind a terminal moraine. They mark the pauses in the retreat of a glacier, where it remained stationary for enough time to produce a mound of material.
  • Ground Moraines: Also called till, these are unsorted material left beneath the glacier as it melts.