Question
Download Solution PDFWhen was the protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife as a directive added in the Constitution of India?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is 1976.
Key Points
- The protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding forests and wildlife were added as Directive Principles of State Policy under Article 48A of the Indian Constitution in 1976.
- This amendment was made through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, which is considered one of the most extensive amendments in Indian constitutional history.
- Article 48A directs the State to endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
- Additionally, Article 51A(g) was also added through the 42nd Amendment, which makes it a fundamental duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
- The 42nd Amendment Act was enacted during the tenure of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, who emphasized environmental protection as a key priority.
Additional Information
- Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
- DPSPs are guidelines for the central and state governments to ensure social and economic welfare in India.
- They are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced by courts, but they are fundamental in governance.
- Environmental protection was incorporated under DPSPs through Article 48A, emphasizing sustainable development.
- 42nd Amendment Act of 1976:
- It introduced significant changes to the Constitution, including adding new directives and duties.
- It added Articles 48A and 51A(g), focusing on environmental conservation.
- It is often referred to as the "Mini-Constitution" due to its sweeping impact on constitutional provisions.
- Fundamental Duties:
- Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment under Article 51A.
- Article 51A(g) specifically states that citizens must protect and improve the environment.
- Fundamental Duties are non-enforceable but serve as moral obligations for Indian citizens.
- Global Environmental Awareness:
- The incorporation of environmental protection in the Indian Constitution was influenced by global movements like the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972) held in Stockholm.
- India was one of the signatories to the Stockholm Declaration, which emphasized environmental conservation worldwide.
Last updated on Jul 10, 2025
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